BCI NET 2/BCI NET 2.iso/archives/programming/gui/precog2_1.lha/Precognition2_1/Precognition.doc

Text File | 1994-02-01 | 11.2 KB | 292 lines

                  Precognition: A step beyond Intuition

                        Release 1.06, December 1993


Precognition is an interface builder program for Intuition that allows you
to create attractive, 3D-style interfaces like Workbench 2.0, but under
AmigaDos 1.3!

You use Precognition as if it were a structured drawing or paint program,
i.e.  simply drag the desired gadgets on to the window, size and move them
using the mouse.  When you're done, Precognition writes the C code to
generate that window.

Unlike other Amiga interface-building programs, Precognition not only writes
the declarations for the gadgets,  but also writes the code for opening and
closing the window, and the event loop itself. (For any non-trivial
interface, the event loop is usually the hardest part to write.)

Precognition is also a set of programming utilities for use with Intuition
that make manipulating gadgets easier.  The code generated by the
Precognition Interface builder relies heavily on the Precognition utilities.

NITTY GRITTY DETAILS:  Unlike Intuition, Precognition is not a separate
process on the Amiga.  It is merely a collection of functions which
manipulate gadgets and windows.  i.e.  it's designed to extend Intuition,
not replace it.


                   Starting the Program from Workbench

Simply double-click the "Builder" icon.


                    Starting the Program from the CLI

Type "Builder".


                       Interlace vs. Non-Interlace

Precognition normally opens a screen with the same resolution as the
Workbench screen.  You can force the screen to be (or not to be) interlaced
via the tooltype "INTERLACE=".  Use "INTERLACE=YES" for interlace,
"INTERLACE=NO" for non-interlace.


                         The Application Window

Occupying most of the screen is a window titled "Application".  This is the
window which you are designing.  You will add gadgets and graphics to this
window by dragging them over from the "Gadgets" and "Graphics" windows.

To change the properties of the application window, select "Window
Properties" from the "Edit" menu.  This will bring up the Window Properties
requestor.  Using this requester, you can change the window title, the
variable name, and the window gadgets (close, drag, front/back, resize).


                            The Gadget Window

At the lower right side of the screen, there will be the "Gadgets" window
which contains a set of buttons labelled with the different gadget types. To
add one of these gadgets to the application window, simply move the mouse
over the name of the gadget you wish,  press and hold the left mousebutton.
A gadget icon will be attached to your mouse pointer. Drag the gadget icon
into the application window, and release the left mousebutton.


                           The Graphics Window

To the left of the "Gadgets" window is the "Graphics" window which contains
a set of buttons labelled with the different window graphics which can be
added to the window.  Currently, there aren't very many graphics. You add
these to the window the same way you add a gadget, i.e. drag them.


                            Selecting Objects

To move, resize, or edit an object in the application window, you must first
select it.  To select an object, move the mouse pointer over that object,
and press and release the left mousebutton.  The object should now be
displayed in inverse video.

Multiple objects can be selected at the same time by holding down either
shift key while pressing the left mousebutton.

Objects can be selected by lasso-ing them.  Hold the left mousebutton down
on an area of the window where there are no objects.  Now move the mouse.  A
selection box will follow your mouse.  When you release the mouse, any and
all objects completely within the selection box will be selected.


                     Changing the Size of an Object

To change the size of an object, move the mouse pointer to the edge or
corner of the object, press and hold the left mousebutton.  The pointer
image should change to a triangular arrow.  Now drag the corner or edge of
the object to its new size and release the left mousebutton.

You can cancel a size-change by pressing the right mousebutton before
releasing the left mousebutton.

NOTE: The size of some objects cannot be changed, e.g. a CheckBox is a
fixed size.  The size of some objects can only be changed along one axis.
e.g. a StringGadget can get wider, but not taller.

If the pointer image becomes a hand you're not close enough to the edge of
the object, or else this object does not size.

NOTE: You can only change the size of one object at a time. If multiple
objects are selected, dragging the mouse will always move rather than
resize.


                             Moving Objects

You move objects on the application window the same way you move icons on
the workbench screen.

To move one or more objects, first select the objects, and then move the
mouse pointer to the center of one of the objects, press and hold the left
mousebutton.  The pointer image will become a hand. Now drag the objects to
their new location, and release the left mousebutton.

You can cancel a size-change by pressing by pressing the right mousebutton
before releasing the left mousebutton.

If the pointer image becomes a triangular arrow instead of a hand you're too
close to the edge of the object.


                            Editing an Object

To edit the properties of an object, select the object, and then select
"Object Properties" from the Edit menu.  This will bring up the object's
property requestor.  This requestor will allow you to change the variable
name for this object, its displayable title (if any), its size and location,
and any other property which is applicable.


                            Aligning Objects

You can align a set of objects by selecting those objects, and then
selecting the appropriate option from the Align submenu of the Edit menu.


                                Grid Snap

You can also force alignment by turning on the Grid Snap.  Selecting
"Grid Snap » Grid Controls" from the Edit menu will display the Grid Snap
requestor, which allows you to set the grid snap parameters.

There are actually two separate grid snaps:

   "Location Snap" will force the upper-left corner of an object to be
   on a grid when you drag it.

   "Size Snap" will force the corner or edge of an object to be on a
   grid when you size it.


                            Deleting Objects

To delete one or more objects, select those objects, and then select Delete
from the Edit menu.

WARNING: Once you delete an object, its gone for good.

Sooner or later I'll get around to adding Cut/Copy/Paste instead of Delete.
(Sigh. So many improvements, so little time...)


                             Generating Code

To generate code for the application window, select "Write Code" from the
"Project" menu.  This will bring up a file requester for the C source code.
Type or select a filename, and press the "OK" gadget.  Precognition will
then write the C source code declarations for your window.

Precognition generates a 'struct' which defines your window, and 6
functions.  (Where "<window-name>" is the name you chose for the
window.)

   <window-name>_Init         -- initializes all the objects in the
                                 window you designed.

   <window-name>_CleanUp      -- releases all the memory allocated to
                                 the objects in the window.

   <window-name>_Respond      -- Code which responds to a single
                              -- IntuiMessage 'event' from Intuition.

   <window-name>_EventLoop    -- initializes and opens the window,
                                 gets events from Intuition, calls
                                 <window-name>_Respond() until
                                 global variable 'Done' is set to
                                 TRUE. calls <window-name>_CleanUp().

   main                       -- main program.  Opens libraries, calls
                                 <window-name>_EventLoop, GracefulExit.

   GracefulExit               -- closes libraries.


The generated code should be compileable and linkable (with
Precognition.lib) as generated.

                       About the Generated Code...

Precognition does not generate standard Intuition variables and function
calls.  (This is because 1.3 Intuition does not have built-in 3-D buttons
and scrolling lists and such)  Instead Precognition generates code which use
special Precognition data types and functions.  In order for your program to
use these functions, you must link your code with the file
"Precognition.lib", which contains all the special Precognition calls.

Throughout the code you will say lines which say "/* YOUR CODE HERE */".
These are the areas which you the programmer must fill in.  Precognition
inserts these statements to indicate that a User-interface event has
occurred, and you should take the appropriate action.  EXAMPLE: If you
create a window with an "OK" button, Precognition will generate the
following statements:

      if (Respond( (Interactor*) &OK_button, &event) & CHANGED_STATE)
      {  /* OK_button was hit. */
         ; /* YOUR CODE HERE */
      }

You, the programmer, need to supply the code to take the appropriate action
when the OK button is pressed.  (Precognition doesn't know what you want to
happen when "OK" is hit.)

The code as written should be compilable and linkable, although it
won't do anything except have pretty buttons until you fill in the
/* YOUR CODE HERE */ areas.


                  Terminating the Event Loop

The generated event loop runs until global variable 'Done' is set to
TRUE.  As generated, the only event in the code which does this is
hitting the window's closebox.  If you want to have other actions
exit the window (e.g. an "OK" button), you need to add a line to set
'Done' to TRUE in the event code for the OK button.  e.g.

      if (Respond( (Interactor*) &OK_button, &event) & CHANGED_STATE)
      {  /* OK_button was hit. */
         Done = TRUE; /* <-- YOUR CODE HERE */
      }

NOTE: If you do not include a closebox on your window, then the event loop
is infinite until you modify the code.


Precognition uses an OO paradigm via pointers-to-functions, which allows
the same function to do different things to different objects
("polymorphism"). e.g.

   SetLocation(&BoolGadget, 10, 10 );

sets the location of a boolean gadget to be 10,10 in its window, while

   SetLocation( &pcgWindow, 10, 10 );

sets the location of the window to be 10, 10 on its screen.

All header files have an 'object genealogy' at the top of the file which
describes the parents of the object.  e.g.

   PObject<GraphicObject<OutlineBox

Says that object class OutlineBox is a descendent of class GraphicObject,
which is a descendent of class PObject.  Any function you can call on an
PObject or a GraphicObject, you can call on an OutlineBox.  To find out
what operations an object supports, look at the prototypes in the objects
header files, and all parent header files.


                            About the Author

You can get in touch with me on USENET via:

   [e-mail]

Or, when all else fails, you can reach me via U.S mail at:

      Lee Willis
      590 Eleanora Dr.
      Cuyagoga Falls, Ohio USA
      44223-2732